Aprendiendo con textos multimodales: una experiencia práctica en clases de máster

Las sociedades actuales poseen un carácter eminentemente multimodal, ya que continuamente están lanzando mensajes compuestos por más de un modo de comunicación (texto escrito, imagen, música, etc.). De este modo, los textos multimodales se han de llevar a las aulas por dos motivos. Por un lado, se hace necesario enseñar al alumnado a saber leerlos e interpretarlos. Por otro, es posible incorporar elementos multimodales en el aprendizaje (presentación de power point o prezi, vídeo, etc.) para que éste sea más completo y permita desarrollar a los/as estudiantes distintas capacidades. La asignatura de Hipertextualidad, impartida en el máster de Nuevas Tendencias de la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, tiene como objetivo, precisamente, enseñar al alumnado a leer textos multimodales. Así, para conocer cómo valoran este aprendizaje se les pasó una encuesta a los/as alumnos/as matriculados en el curso 2013/2014. Los resultados de ésta muestran que el alumnado valora positivamente el uso de herramientas multimodales en las clases. Igualmente, considera que aprender a leer textos multimodales les permite generar una mayor capacidad crítica y descubrir los mensajes que las imágenes ocultan

Introducing culture and critical thinking in the classroom: Analysing multimodal texts from NGOs in a Masters course

The multimodal nature of present societies makes clear that teaching with authentic multimodal texts can contribute to bringing different cultural realities into the classroom. For this reason, it was decided to use texts published by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in order to teach visual grammar (Kress and van Leeuwen, 2006) in a Masters course in Spain. These texts were also selected because they are appropriate to teach cultural aspects, and raise awareness of the realities of poor countries; they may also foster the acquisition of interpersonal competencies. This paper offers textual analysis; this research will point out that teaching students to be critical with the discourse produced by NGOs is essential in order to unveil relationships of domination and power because discourse is always a powerful tool used to reproduce social reality.La naturaleza multimodal de las sociedades actuales deja claro que el aprendizaje con auténticos textos multimodales contribuye a llevar a clase diferentes realidades culturales. En este sentido, se decidió usar textos publicados por Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) para enseñar gramática visual (Kress y van Leeuwen, 2006) en un máster. Estos textos han sido seleccionados porque eran apropiados para enseñar aspectos culturales y las realidades de los países pobres; éstos también permiten la adquisición de competencias interpersonales. En este artículo se señala que enseñar a los estudiantes a ser críticos con el discurso producido por las ONG es fundamental para desvelar las relaciones de dominación y poder, porque el discurso es siempre una poderosa herramienta utilizada para reproducir la realidad social

Multimodal Approach to the Image of Impoverished: A Visual Analysis of Covers in a Sample from Intermón Oxfam Magazines

Este artículo pretende ofrecer una aproximación al modo en el que las ONG representan a la población en países ricos y pobres así como a su propia representación como ONG de Desarrollo. Nuestro corpus consiste en todos los números de la publicación Revista IO publicados durante el año 2012 por Intermón Oxfam. Se ofrecerá un análisis detallado de las portadas por ser éstas la primera página que ven los lectores y por tratarse de la parte de la revista en las que la ONG se presenta. El análisis crítico del discurso, y específicamente el modelo propuesto por van Leeuwen (2008) así como la gramática visual de Kress y van Leeuwen (2006) serán empleados con el fin de ofrecer un análisis detallado de dichas portadas y con el objetivo de observar las principales características visuales empleadas para representar a personas de países del Sur y del Norte en una muestra de las revistas publicadas por Intermón Oxfam. Tras el análisis llegamos a la conclusión de que esta ONG crea una dicotomía entre las personas que trabajan con materias primas y artesanías, situadas en países pobres, y los consumidores de esos productos, situados en países ricos. De ahí que las relaciones entre ellos aparezcan mediatizadas por el dinero en lugar de por principios universales como la igualdad o la justicia social.This article intends to approach the way NGOs represent the population in poor and rich countries and their own representation as NGOs of Development. Our corpus consists of all the issues from the Intermón Oxfam’s magazine called Revista IO published in 2012. We will offer a detailed analysis of the covers because this is the first page seen by the readers and because this is the way in which the NGO introduces itself. Critical discourse analysis, specifically the model proposed by van Leeuwen (2008) and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual grammar will be used in order to provide a detailed analysis of the covers and to observe the main visual characteristics used for presenting people from poor countries in a sample from Intermón Oxfam’s magazines. After analysing the said covers we conclude that this NGO creates a dichotomy between producers of raw materials and handicrafts, located in poor countries, and consumers of these products, located in rich countries. Thus, the relations between them appear mediated by money and not by universal values such as the equality or social justice

Nonlinear model of leachate anaerobic digestion treatment process

In this report a continuous adaptive high-gain observer method is presented for the estimation of state variables that could not be measurable online and unknown time-varying parameters of leachate anaerobic digestion treatment process. The high-gain observer is a variant of the Luenberger extended observer and involves an adjustable gain parameter. It is characterized by easy implementation and calibration, is stable and exhibit exponential convergence. The observer is based on a simplified mathematical model of the system. Calibration of the model was performed with real data from the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor for landfill leachate treatment in open loop under normal operational conditions. The model performance is evaluated via numerical simulations showing adequate results. The criteria used for considering the model as acceptable is to calculate the values of Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) and Prediction at level l.Preprin

Comercio exterior y mediación lingüística en el sector vitivinícola de Castilla y León

Comercio exterior y mediación lingüística en el sector vitivinícola de Castilla y Leó

Percepción, valores y actitudes sobre el medio ambiente y el tratamiento de la problemática ambiental en los medios de comunicación.

Memoria ID-197. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Analysis of the evolution of the Spanish labour market through unsupervised learning

Unemployment in Spain is one of the biggest concerns of its inhabitants. Its unemployment rate is the second highest in the European Union, and in the second quarter of 2018 there is a 15.2% unemployment rate, some 3.4 million unemployed. Construction is one of the activity sectors that have suffered the most from the economic crisis. In addition, the economic crisis affected in different ways to the labour market in terms of occupation level or location. The aim of this paper is to discover how the labour market is organised taking into account the jobs that workers get during two periods: 2011-2013, which corresponds to the economic crisis period, and 2014-2016, which was a period of economic recovery. The data used are official records of the Spanish administration corresponding to 1.9 and 2.4 million job placements, respectively. The labour market was analysed by applying unsupervised machine learning techniques to obtain a clear and structured information on the employment generation process and the underlying labour mobility. We have applied two clustering methods with two different technologies, and the results indicate that there were some movements in the Spanish labour market which have changed the physiognomy of some of the jobs. The analysis reveals the changes in the labour market: the crisis forces greater geographical mobility and favours the subsequent emergence of new job sources. Nevertheless, there still exist some clusters that remain stable despite the crisis. We may conclude that we have achieved a characterisation of some important groups of workers in Spain. The methodology used, being supported by Big Data techniques, would serve to analyse any alternative job market.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-R y TIN2017-88209-C2-2-R, CO2017-8678

Managing Industrial Simulator Visual Databases Using Geographic Information Systems

Geographic Information Systems are developed to handle enormous volumes of data and are equipped with numerous functionalities intended to capture, store, edit, organise, process and analyse or represent the geographically referenced information. On the other hand, industrial simulators for driver training are real-time applications that require a virtual environment, either geospecific, geogeneric or a combination of the two, over which the simulation programs will be run. In the final instance, this environment constitutes a geographic location with its specific characteristics of geometry, appearance, functionality, topography, etc. The set of elements that enables the virtual simulation environment to be created and in which the simulator user can move, is usually called the Visual Database (VDB). The main idea behind the work being developed approaches a topic that is of major interest in the field of industrial training simulators, which is the problem of analysing, structuring and describing the virtual environments to be used in large driving simulators. This paper sets out a methodology that uses the capabilities and benefits of Geographic Information Systems for organising, optimising and managing the visual Database of the simulator and for generally enhancing the quality and performance of the simulator

Teoría y práctica de la narrativa: los cuentos de hadas de Gutiérrez Nájera

“En busca del hada del interior” El trabajo consiste en plantear un análisis de algunos cuentos de Gutiérrez Nájera que se encuentran dentro del marbete “Cuentos de Hadas” y buscar su aplicación didáctica en el aula de Primaria.Grado en Educación Primari